Definition and Examples of Solecism

Definition and Examples of Solecism In prescriptive grammar, a usage error or any deviation from conventional word order. In its broader implications, notes Maxwell Nurnberg, a solecism is a deviation from the norm, something illogical, incongruous, absurd, or even an impropriety, a breach of etiquette (I Always Look Up the Word Egregious, 1998).The term solecism is derived from Soli, the name of an ancient Athenian colony where a dialect regarded as substandard was spoken. Examples and Observations: Solecism. An ancient term for an error in syntax arising from a mismatch between words. E.g., those page would be a solecism since plural those does not match or is not congruent with, singular page. . . .The extension to errors other than of language is modern.(P.H. Matthews, Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford Univ. Press, 1997)I quit school when I were sixteen.(public service ad)Songs you sang to me, sounds you brang to me.(Neil Diamond, Play Me)Curiouser and Curiouser[T]he phrase curiouser and curiouser . . . occurs for the first time in the 1865 Alices Adventures in Wonderland at the start of Chapter 2: Curiouser and curiouser! cried Alice (she was so much surprised, that for the moment she quite forgot how to speak good English); now Im opening out like the largest telescope that ever was! Its not good English because of the rule that -er may . . . be added only to words of one or two syllables; a three-syllable word like curious requires the use of more instead, s o Alice would properly have said, More and more curious! But, recalling Alice and her truly curious adventures, curiouser and curiouser has passed into general use as a phrase to evoke any situation so curious as to cause one to forget good English.(Allan Metcalf, Predicting New Words. Houghton, 2002) Between You and IBetween you and IAnd the stars that light up the sky . . ..(Jessica Simpson, Between You and I)[S]ome things we now consider to be mistakes or solecisms were once quite acceptable. . . . Are we racked with indignation when we hear Bassanio in The Merchant of Venice read a letter from Antonio containing the words All debts are cleared between you and I?(Henry Hitchings, The Language Wars. John Murray, 2011)Solecisms and Barbarisms (1882)Solecism. In rhetoric, a solecism is defined as an offense against the rules of grammar by the use of words in a wrong construction; false syntax.Modern grammarians designate by solecism any word or expression which does not agree with the established usage of writing or speaking. But, as customs change, that which at one time is considered a solecism may at another be regarded as correct language. A solecism, therefore, differs from a barbarism, inasmuch as the latter consists in the use of a word or expression which is altogether con trary to the spirit of the language, and can, properly speaking, never become established as correct language. Penny Cyclopaedia(Alfred Ayres, The Verbalist: A Manual Devoted to Brief Discussions of the Right and the Wrong Use of Words. D. Appleton, 1882) Roman Rhetoricians on SolecismsI allow that a solecism may occur in one word, but not unless there be something having the force of another word, to which the incorrect word may be referred; so that a solecism arises from the union of things by which something is signified or some intention manifested; and, that I may avoid all caviling, it sometimes occurs in one word, but never in a word by itself.(Quintilian, Institutes of Oratory)There are two faults in speaking that can mar its Latinity: solecism and barbarism. A solecism occurs if the concord between a word and the one before it in a group of words is defective. A barbarism is when something faulty is expressed in the words.

Nature Study Themes for Spring

Nature Study Themes for Spring When spring fever hits and youre ready to get outside because youve been suffering from cabin fever for months, do it! Let nature guide your homeschool with these awesome nature study themes for spring. Birds Spring is a fascinating time to take up bird-watching and it doesn’t take much to attract birds to your yard. If you provide them with what they’re searching for, they will find you. Make sure your yard offers: FoodWaterShelter An optional bonus is to provide nest-making material. Food can be offered in store-bought bird feeders or you can make a simple homemade bird feeder out of an orange, a bagel, a plastic bottle, or a pine cone. A bird bath provides water for drinking and preening. We used a shallow dish and a pedestal intended for a potted plant to create a simple, economical homemade bird bath. Give your feathered visitors a sense of safety by placing feeders and bird baths near bushes and trees to provide a quick getaway in the event that a predator shows up. Once you attract birds to your yard, you’re ready to observe them. Get a simple field guide to help you identify the birds that visit. Keep a nature journal of your visitors and learn more about each. What do they like to eat? What is the appearance of both the male and female? Where do they lay their eggs and how many do they lay? You may get lucky and have a pair of birds lay their eggs where you can observe them, too. Butterflies Butterflies are one of my favorite springtime nature study themes. If you plan ahead, you can try raising them from the larval stage in order to observe the life cycle of butterflies. Otherwise, take steps to attract butterflies to your yard and start your observations there or take a field trip to a butterfly house. If you’re excited to observe both birds and butterflies in your yard, consider setting up separate areas for attracting and observing each. If you don’t, things might not end well for the caterpillars and butterflies that you’re hoping to enjoy. As with birds, a field guide and nature journal come in handy. Consider the following suggestions in order to make the most of your butterfly study: Discuss with your children the differences between butterflies and moths.Check out books about butterflies. One of our family’s favorites for young children is Are You a Butterfly? by Judy Allen and Tudor Humphries.Do a butterfly life cycle craft. Bees Bees are another springtime favorite for me. With plants  in bloom and pollen high, spring is an ideal time to watch bees going about their work. Help your children understand the vital role that honey bees play in the pollination process. Learn the role of each bee in the colony. As you see bees going about their work, try to take a peek at them. Are they covered in pollen? Can you see their pollen sacks? Try to arrange a trip to see a beehive in action and speak to the beekeeper about what he does. It’s fascinating to watch the bees go about their work in their hive if you have an opportunity to observe one. Learn how bees make honey and sample some. Once you’re home, try some bee-themed worksheets or bee crafts, just for fun. Flowers and Trees The new life on all the trees and plants makes spring an ideal time to begin a nature study of those in your area. We have several evergreen trees in our yard and even they are sporting new growth that novice observers like my own family can easily spot. Try the following activities this spring: Learn the difference between a conifer and deciduous, annual and perennial. Find examples of each and sketch them in your nature journal.Learn the parts of a flower. Add sketches of the examples you find in your nature journal.Choose a particular tree or flower to observe throughout the season. Sketch it each time you observe it and note the changes you see.Check out books from your library to learn more about trees. We really like Crinkleroot’s Guide to Knowing the Trees by Jim Arnosky  for younger kids. (He has a title about birds, too.) If the trees and plants in your backyard are limited, try a park or nature center. Pond Life Ponds are teeming with life in the spring and make a wonderful spot to study nature. If you have easy access to a pond, you can: Look for frog eggs and/or tadpoles. You may also be able to purchase them from a fish store to observe at home in a fish tank until they’re ready for release. Just be sure you know how to care for them and provide a rock for the young frogs to climb on as they begin to transition from tadpole to frog.Discuss the differences between frogs and toads with your kids. (And read some Frog and Toad books. Theyre family favorites!)Observe baby ducks and geese.Observe and identify the plant life around the pond.Look for signs of life in the mud surrounding the pond. Do you see any animal tracks? Pull our your field guide and try to identify them or take photos so you can try to identify the tracks once you’re back home.Observe the insect life. After a winter of being cooped up inside, you’re probably as anxious to get outside as your kids are. Take advantage of the moderate temperatures and budding life of spring to get out and immerse yourself in nature study!

Family Law - relating to divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Family Law - relating to divorce - Essay Example A division of the High Court, the Family division, also has the jurisdiction of hearing and determining family law cases, including divorce (Strong, DeVault & Cohen, 2011). Divorce should not be confused with marriage annulment, which refers to a legal declaration that a marriage is null and void. A legal process for divorce involves a wide range of issues including child custody, alimony or spousal support, division of debt and distribution of property (Manning & Cohen, 2012). This essay aims at studying the current law governing divorce in England and Wales as well as outlining the various reforms that have taken place to improve the law over the years. Types of divorce in England and Wales There are seven types of divorce cases recognized by the law in England and Wales. These are contested divorce, uncontested divorce, collaborative divorce, summary divorce, mediated divorce, at fault divorce and no fault divorce (Rapoport, 2005). Contested divorce refers to a case where the coup les fail to agree on one or more issues, which are the subject of the divorce such as child custody and division of family assets and liabilities. Contested divorce often takes a longer time and is very costly, as the couple has to hire lawyers to help in the process and the outcome if determined by the hearing judge. Uncontested divorce on the other hand occurs where both parties are able to agree on the issues around the divorce involving children, support and sharing of property. The couple will then present their agreement to the courts for approval, upon which the courts will grant a divorce. Uncontested divorce cases account for about 70% of all divorce cases in the UK and the litigation process often takes a much shorter time (Rapoport, 2005). At fault divorce is one that involves a partner proving to the courts that one of them committed an act that is incompatible with their marital union and warrants a divorce. The faults are often referred to as the grounds for divorce. C ommon grounds for divorce in the UK include adultery, desertion, unreasonable behavior, or two years separation with consent among others. No fault divorce on the other hand is one that does not require any proof or allegation of fault from either party. This type of divorce is very popular in the UK, The US and most Western jurisdictions (Cretney, 2005). Collaborative divorce involves couples coming to an agreement on the main issues of divorce. The agreement is usually conducted with the help of lawyers who have been trained in collaborative divorce processes. The lawyers will then be disqualified from representing the couples in contested legal proceedings in court when the collaborative divorce process begins. Mediated divorce involves third party facilitating the discussion between the two parties involved in the divorce. At the closing stages of the mediation, the parties will present their agreement to a court in order to be granted a divorce. Summary divorce is often used in cases where the parties meet specified eligibility requirements or if they agree on the main issues beforehand. Some of the eligibility requirements include a short marriage of less than five years, minimal or no property and no children among others. Family law on divorce in England and Wales The legal provisions of divorce are stipulated in the Marital Causes

Influences on parenting within contemporary society Essay

Influences on parenting within contemporary society - Essay Example The nature of today’s parenting has seen the rise in sales of parenting books and increased television parenting programmes. There is also a notable increase in the rate of divorce, single parenthood and dropping out from parenting classes. In light of the above this paper will delve on influences on parenting within contemporary society while shedding light on various theories among them Bandura Social Learning Theory. Characteristics and Challenges of Parenting in the Contemporary World (Post 1970s) Post 1970s is a period that saw protectionist approaches to parenting take root. These were and are characterized by parents (and the societal norms) insisting on children to wear helmets when riding bicycles and use of car seats among others. Parenting has taken a structured shape with both mothers and fathers taking up long-hours jobs. It is also important to note that birth rate has dropped where some parents have only one child or two at most. The concern for modern parents i s for their children to attain a competitive edge (Hamner & Turner 2001). This trend has led to hyper-parenting where parents are attempting to make their children grasp all that life can offer e.g. sports, piano lessons, dancing, mentoring and home tuition among others. A society’s norms are attributed to the challenges faced by parents when some of these norms facilitate good parenting while others hinder it. One of the problems is poverty where parents are not able to provide sufficient basic needs like food, shelter, education and good health care among others. Due to disparities posed by social classes and economic wellbeing some parents find it difficult to offer the bare minimum. Parents and their children in this regard engage in social ills like crime and prostitution in order to bridge the gap. The current society comprises of people who profess different faiths and uphold different morals and cultures. People from different faiths and cultures are intermarrying bri nging the challenge of understanding and tolerance. Neighbourhoods are also comprised of people from different nationalities, social and religious backgrounds, race and ethnicity. In these scenarios parenting proves to be a challenge when trying to make children understand and appreciate other people. Single parenting is on the rise where either a mother or a father feeds for their children alone. This is a state of imbalance which is tricky to operate in without the other partner as one works towards being both the father and mother at the same time. Single parenting is highly attributed to the rising cases of divorce and unwanted and teenage pregnancies. The society more than ever before is liberal in respect to sexuality which is leading to many young people engaging in unsafe sexual practices (Ashworth & Sanders 2007). Divorce is now being taken as a normal occurrence in a marriage; something which was considered almost a taboo one and a half centuries ago. Mental Health and Par enting For a parent to be responsible enough to take care of their children, they need to take care of their mental health first. Poor parental mental health results in poor child upbringing. Mental health issues in parents render them unable to offer children the developmental needs required in relation to their social and emotional lives. Research has shown that parents exhibiting mental problems often bring up children with the same or other forms of mental

The War on Iraq Essay Example for Free

The War on Iraq Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If there’s one country that you would want to go to, the country Iraq would be on your list. Iraq is a country of heritage and historical value. It has been known to the world for housing numbers of archaeological sites and art pieces. It is acknowledged for having one thousand archaeological sites including ruins of their past wars. Iraq has been the place for the oldest churches in the world and the first city of the world. The country’s archaeological sites can be dated back even before Christ was born; the mainland for the Old Testament. Scholars and curators fear the possibility that the civil war in Iraq might destroy the archaeological sites of the country (Guardian, April 2, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States and Iraq conflict began on the twentieth of March of the year Two-Thousand and Three. The main reason for the development of the war is that His Excellence, President George W. Bush along with British Prime Minister Tony Blairand their fellow allies was threatened by the speculations that the Iraq government was developing weapons of mass destruction; nuclear bombs and the likes. The war went on until the defeat of the Iraqi terrorist Saddam Hussein. The war deteriorated this year, two thousand and seven, but the war between Sunni and Shia Muslims continued up to this date (A timeline of the Iraq War,) Shia vs. Sunni Muslim   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sunni and Shia Muslims are only two among the subgroups of the Muslim religion. Sunni and Shia have the same culture, it is homogenous. Although both share the common Islamic beliefs they do not share common beliefs when it comes to political issues and practices. There is diversity within the Islamic groups regionally. The division between Sunni Islam and Shia Islam started when the prophet Muhammad died, leadership of the Muslim was then a big question. Who would take the place of Muhammad was at stake, whether it should be a relative or it is just okay for a capable leader to take his place. The Sunni Muslims agreed upon the election of a new leader among the capable ones. On the contrary, the Shia Muslims believed that the leadership should have been passed to Muhammad’s relatives, particularly to his cousin Ali. All throughout the Muslims’ history, the Shia subgroup never have recognized the authority of their elected leaders. From this initial political issue of leadership, the two subgroups’ spiritual beliefs were divided.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are theological or spiritual differences between the Shia and Sunni Muslims. The Shia subgroups believe that their Imam or leader is a sinless leader since it was appointed by God. They often make shrines for their Imams because they believe that they are saints. On the contrary, Sunni Muslims contradicted the Shia beliefs; they say that there’s no basis for the veneration of saints and that there’s no such thing as the hereditary succession of spiritual leaders (Huda, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the practical differences between Sunni and Shia is through praying. Shia Muslims pray three times a day wherein they combine their prayers; their prayers can be identified by a tablet of clay from what they call Karbala or a holy place, on which their foreheads are pressed against. On the contrary, Sunni Muslims pray five times a day without combining their prayers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Temporary marriage or what Muslims call Muttah marriage is legal to Shia but the Sunni Muslims do not consider it. Sunni Muslims believe that Muttah marriage is a forbidden act, thus, believing that the Prophet forbid the act (Hourani, 1991).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are also differences in the kind of government the Sunnis and Shias wanted to have; the political culture differences. Shias are rebellious and always contradict the tyrannical rulers and are against Sunni injustices. They believed in the modern world democracy, in which avoidance of accountability and tyranny is stressed. They are anti-authoritarians and it is known to be an inherent culture of the Shias; they believed in the justification of fair rulers and that justice is fair and without any bias. On the contrary, Sunnis uphold any kind of government, be it democratic or not for as long as it maintains the order and the stability of the Muslim community. Not to mention that it should also protect the Muslim communities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gender relations among the Sunni Islam and Shia Islam have differences also. Shias’ allow a fairer gender relation than the Sunnis. The presence of sexual inequality for them is the absence of democracy; this is what the Shias believed in. On the other hand, Sunni Islam communities believed that women should be a subordinate of men; wives should obey their husbands. Thus, it shows that their differences are completely extreme, because one opposes the other (Chaulia,February 16, 2007) Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚     Like other religions, Muslims also have differences, be it political, cultural and regional diversity. The fact is that they are all the same when it comes to spiritual concerns. The most important thing is to be united with God despite of the differences. Holy war is not supposed to be an issue because we are all the same in the eyes of our creator. Our fellow Muslim should unite instead of continuously building up the wall between them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Iraq should be a sanctuary and not a place for war and conflict. Shias’ and Sunnis’ differences should not hinder them from being united for the sake of peace for the fact that they are both Muslims. References Chaulia, S. (February 16, 2007 ). Shia Democracy:Myth or Reality?   [Electronic Version] from http://www.worldpress.org/Mideast/2677.cfm. Guardian, T. (April 2, 2003). The end of civilization [Electronic Version] from http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,11710,927788,00.html. Hourani, A. (1991). A History of the Arab Peoples [Electronic Version] from http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/subdivisions/sunnishia_4.shtml. Huda. (2007). Whats the Difference Between Shia and Sunni Muslims? [Electronic Version] from http://islam.about.com/cs/divisions/f/shia_sunni.htm. A timeline of the Iraq War [Electronic ( ). Version]. Retrieved 2005-2007 from http://thinkprogress.org/iraq-timeline.

Symbolism in The Yellow Wallpaper :: essays research papers

Symbolism in The Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wallpaper is overflowed with symbolism. Symbols are images that have a meaning beyond them selves in a short story, a symbol is a detail, a character, or an incident that has a meaning beyond its literal role in the narrative. Gilman uses symbols to tell her story of a woman's mental state of being diminishes throughout the story. The following paragraphs tell just some of the symbols and how I interpreted them, they could be read in many different ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The title itself, The Yellow Wallpaper, is symbolizing the role men play in a patriarchal society, where men are the more dominant sex, and how women are 'trapped'; in a life of male control. For instance, At night in any kind of light, in twilight, candlelight, lamplight, and worst of all moonlight, it becomes bars!';(Gilman 211) This shows how the narrator feels trapped by the paper. Another symbol that refers to the role women play is, 'And she is all the time trying to climb through that pattern, it strangles so; I think that is why it has so many heads.';(Gilman 213) This is meaning that if a women tried to play a role in society she was just not taken seriously, or felt like trying to play a role was getting nowhere.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The way Gilman describes the wallpaper tells of what the narrator's mind is thinking, 'and when you follow the lame uncertain curves for a little distance they suddenly commit suicide.';(Gillman 206) She doesn't think this on the conscious level but more on the unconscious level. When the narrator writes, '(The designs) destroy themselves in unheard of contradictions.';(Gillman 206) She is speaking of her state of mind subconsciously, the narrator is on the brink of losing her mind at this point. Gillman writes, 'There is a recurrent spot where the pattern lolls like a broken neck and two bulbous eyes stare at you upside down. '(Gillman 207) She was explaining how the wallpaper is like a 'watchdog'; or a guard of some type, watching her every move, naturally making her nervous.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think that the narrator feels much alone in life, even though she has a family who cares for her. She is clinically depressed so naturally she is going to feel isolated from the world. Speaking about a house that the narrator grew up in, she writes, 'and there was one chair that always seemed like a strong friend.

The Statement of Cash Flow Is Not Redundant and Necessary for Investment Decision Making

Introduction The manager of Dowlais Iron Company, made a new financial statement called â€Å"comparison balance sheet†, in 1863 to explain the reason for the inability to invest was due to the holding of too much inventory, despite the profit made. This was the beginning of the cash flow statement, which was later made compulsory by the Financial Accounting Standard Boards (FASB) under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). This step was followed by International Accounting Standard Boards (IASB) when they issue IAS 7 Cash Flow Statement.The Cash Flow Statement only reported transactions that took place by the use of cash or cash equivalents, and discarded anything that was recorded on accrual basis in Balance Sheet (Statement of Financial Position) and the Profit and Loss Statement (Statement of Comprehensive Income). The construction of the Cash Flow Statement is divided into three; cash flow from operating, investing and financing activities. With two approaches in constructing Cash Flow Statement; direct and indirect approach, the difference is basically on the construction of the first part, operating activities.Cash flow from operating activities are cash flow from principal revenue-producing activities of the company and other activities that are not investing or financing activities. In using the direct method approach, it would have to start from scratch; what are the cash receipts and cash payments made during the period, while the indirect method approach would start with the profit before tax figure and later, adjustments are made, i. e. depreciation, increase or decrease in inventories, receivables, payables, etc.The other two activities (financing and investing) remain the same regardless of methods used. Financing activities are activities that result in changes in the size and composition of the equity capital and borrowings of the enterprise. For example, the issuance of the company's shares, payment of dividends, borrowings, etc. With regard to the investing activities, it consists of any activities of investment for capital assets, financial markets, and even operating subsidiaries.Although the existence of the Cash Flow Statement is considered quite new in the accounting world (which starts around 1490s by Luca Pacioli, that was called â€Å"bookkeeping†), it is agreed that there are a lot of benefits with the presence of the Cash Flow Statement. This position paper will touch on a couple of them just to be firm on the topic, that is â€Å"The Statement of Cash Flow is not Redundant and Necessary for Investment Decision Making†. Cash Flow Statement as a Tool for Investment DecisionThere are ways and ratios that we could use to measure the solvency and liquidity of a company, using the information from the Balance Sheet (Statement of Financial Position) and the Profit and Loss Statement (Statement of Comprehensive Income). However, with the presence of Cash Flow Statement, it is made easi er and more logic. The first ratio would be the Operating Cash Flow Ratio which could be derive from the following formula: Cash Flow from Operations ? Current Liabilities This ratio would give the indication as to whether or not the company is able to repay their current debt with the use of the cash from operating activities.This ratio is slightly similar to the Current Ratio, but the use of Cash Flow from Operations to replace Current Assets is simply more logical to measure the liquidity, because the Current Asset includes Inventories and Receivables which are not of the high liquidity compared to cash. The investors can make a reasonable and justifiable decision based on this ratio, simply because it gives a better view of liquidity than the Balance Sheet (Statement of Financial Position). The second ratio that could help investors decision making is the Price/Cash Flow Ratio.Even though this ratio is not widely use as the Price Earnings Ratio, this ratio is often considered as the better indication of the company's value. This mainly was due to the formula itself, which the Earnings per Share in the Price Earnings Ratio is changed to the Operation Cash Flow per Share. With this change, the value of the company relies on the cash flow from the principal revenue-producing activities, and not the Net Income which was derived on accrual basis, which the revenue and xpenses may or may not have been received and paid. With the information from Cash Flow Statement, investors are able to make a wiser decision as to valuation of the companies because the cash is of the same importance as the profit, and sometimes may be regarded as more important. The next ratio is to help in measuring the solvency of a company, it is the Cash Flow from Operations/Average Total Liabilities Ratio. From the name itself, we can figure that the formula would look like below: Cash Flow from Operations ?Average Total Liabilities As mentioned, this ratio is to measure the solvency of th e company, similar to Total Debt/Total Assets Ratio as both are to know the ability of the company to pay its debts. However, this ratio is better in terms of that it measures for the whole period, and not at a point of time. To explain this, know that the cash flow from operations are generated from the start of the period until the end of the period, and it uses the average of total liabilities which does not focus on that point of time only.On the other hand, the Total Debt/Total Assets Ratio uses the total assets and total debts at the end of the period, the ones reported on balance sheet. Thus, one might increase their inventories or promote credit sales towards the end of the period, just to boost up the total assets figure, which later would give the indication the company has the ability to pay its debt, due to the high total assets figure. Apart from these ratios that are derived from information in the Cash Flow Statement, the elements in the statement itself can be helpfu l for investors to make decisions, without even the need to calculate any ratio.For example, a company may be having a negative total cash flow(total outflow), but if the cash flow from operating activities is positive, it may still be a good sign, as the negative cash flow is derived from the investing or financing activities. If the negative cash flow comes from heavy investing and causes a negative flow from investing activities, it may still be a good sign simply because the company might be considering an expansion in the future.Thus, the elements in the Cash Flow Statement itself can give information for the investors to make decisions, without even the fuss of computing ratios. Overall View of the Company's Activities Before looking at the future perspective of the company, which we have discussed earlier on how Cash Flow Statement is very helpful in making investment decision, the investors are more likely wanting to know the financial management of the company. Having a goo d future perspective may not always give profit to investors, if there is a bad financial management.With the elements laid out with such organization in the Cash Flow Statement, the investors would have a glimpse or overview of the company's activities throughout the year, what decision have they(company) made, what are the odds for the company paying the dividends, etc. As mentioned previously, the total cash flow may not necessarily give the right interpretation of what is happening to the company. This is because if it does, then there is no need of the Cash Flow Statement, as the amount are present in the Balance Sheet (Statement of Financial Position).Usually the increase in Inventories and Receivables would give an indication that the company is being illiquid compared to last period. Taking the Dowlais Iron Company (mentioned in the Introduction) as an example, the company were making profits, but they were unable to do any investment. The reason being was that their assets are illiquid and are composed by high amount in inventories. This might also be an alarming situation as it gives the signal of the company being unable to collect their debts. Other elements has their own story respectively. Let's move a step further in our discussion, comparing elements.Taking the investing activities as an instance, the sale or disposal of assets by itself may be read as a hint of the company wanting to get rid of the old machines in order to buy a new one that is more productive in their expansion plan. However, if it is synchronized with the decrease in investment in subsidiaries, it may give a different story. There is a huge possibility that the company is closing down and try to let go as much assets as possible. Previously, we have compare the positive cash flow from operating with the negative cash flow from investing (in previous point).Now, let's compare elements in the investing activities with the elements in the financing activities. Firstly, the issu ance of shares would obviously bring the positive vibe to investors as it is often read as expansion of the business. Business seems to be growing and thus, there were investors interested and bought the shares which in the statements would report an increase in number of shares. The twist in this comparison would be the decrease in amount payable or repayments to directors/shareholders is around the amount if shares issued.Without reading the complimentary notes, it can be assumed that the company is capitalising their debts, that is paying their debts through issuance of shares. This can be affirmed by reading the complimentary notes. When this happens, it gives an extreme situation of the inability of the company to pay their debts, up to the extend they have to exchange it with the shares (sense of ownership to the company). The Cash Flow Statement should be analysed thoroughly, it gives lots of information. Real Life CaseAll these theoretical can be easily argued and rejected b y certain parties, especially those who does not want to have hassle to prepare another financial statement. This point will give the flavour of the real life situation, when the Cash Flow Statement was not prepared, by using the W. T. Grant Company back in the 1970s. From the surface, it has the similar picture of the Dowlais Iron Company; making profit, good assets amount, but no cash. Having mentioned that, the Dowlais Iron Company took the trouble to make a comparison balance sheet, while the W.T. Grant Company runs as though there was no problem. By purely looking at the Net Income amount, the investors were keen to invest in W. T. Grant Company as it seems promising and the earnings look tempting. Little did the investors know, the company was not generating any cash, instead they are the net user of cash. This problem does not happen within a financial year, it started a decade before the downfall of the company. There were decreasing trends of the company's liquidity, profit ability and even turnover. However, all these problems were left ntouched and thus, the investors were not given any hint that the W. T. Grant Company was facing bankruptcy. The company was said to exhaust its liquid assets before using external markets for funds which later just grew bigger. These can be easily detected with the use of Cash Flow Statement. Apart from the negative cash flow from operating activities, the company and investors could be alarmed by the amount of payables that kept on increasing, and even the shares that were sold above the value of the company, simply because the market thought the company was doing fine.The upward trend of sales still does not manage to generate cash for the company, and this could be detected by the increase in the Receivables, which shows the inability to collect debt. All these problems can be detected years before the liquidation of the company and could be avoided, with the presence of Cash Flow Statement. Conclusion With Cash Fl ow Statement, these elements are laid down in such manner that it is easier for the users of financial statement to understand the story, compare to merely reading the Balance Sheet (Statement of Financial Position) and the Profit and Loss Statement (Statement of Comprehensive Income).The investors are able to have the idea of financial stability of the company, together with the management of the company and what the company can achieve in the future. With these information, which are not present in any of the other two financial statements, the investors are able to make a wiser decision in making investments. Thus, the Cash Flow Statement is not redundant and is necessary for investment decision making. Reference Cash Flow from Investing Activities (n. d. ). In Investopedia. Retrieved March 23, 2013, from http://www. investopedia. om/terms/c/cashflowfinvestingactivities. asp Cash flow statement (n. d. ). In Wikipedia. Retrieved March 19, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ Cash_flow_statement Chinweike, (2010, June 25). Uses and Benefits of Statement of Cash Flow. Retrieved http://www. accountantnextdoor. com/uses-and-benefits-of-statement-of-cash-flow/ FAO Corporate Document Repository (n. d. ). Chapter 3: Cash Flow Accounting. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://www. fao. org/docrep/W4343E/w4343e04. htm Kestenbaum, D. , (2012, October 4). The Accountant who Changed the World.Retrieved March 28 2013, from http://www. npr. org/blogs/money/2012/10/04/162296423/the-accountant-who-changed-the-world King, Lembke, ; Smith,. (2001). Financial Accounting: A Decision Making Approach (Second Edition). In The Cash Flow Statement and Decisions. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.. Retrieved from http://www. wiley. com/college/bcs/0471238236/king/ch13. pdf Largay, J. A. ; Stickney, C. P. , (1980, July/August). Cash Flows, Ratios Analysis, and the W. T. Grant Company Bankruptcy. Financial Analysts Journals. 51-54. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/discover/10. 2307/44 78363? id=3738672;uid=2129;uid=2134;uid=4579947027;uid=2;uid=70;uid=3;uid=4579947007;uid=60;sid=21102061346117 Peavler, R. , (n. d. ). Cash Flow Ratios- Calculate the Solvency, Liquidity, and Viability of your Firm: Cash Flow Ratios that are Important for Cash Flow  Analysis. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://bizfinance. about. com/od/cashflowanalysis/tp/cash-flows-ratios. htm INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA KULIYYAH OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES ACC 4001 ACCOUNTING THEORY AND POLICY POSITION PAPER THE STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW IS NOT REDUNDANT AND NECESSARY FOR INVESTOR DECISION MAKING

1984: Power Hunger Leads to Society Downfall

In the eyes of a power hungry ruler, a totalitarian government would be paradise. It would be thought that if a leader is so happy with the way he rules his country, the grass would be greener on the other side. In this case, it is far from it. Citizens are forced to act upon the government’s rules, and failure to do so would only earn them a horrid session of torment and consequence. People are constantly under the government’s thumb, and practically have no say in what goes on around them. An American President once said, â€Å" The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died† (Harry Truman). A totalitarian government’s goal is to see and ignore the peoples’ needs, then take that factor and use it against them by making threats of not making change if the people choose not to cooperate with them. They promise the society a better life, so long as the people do not cease to abide by the government’s orders. When everyone is a mere laborer for the government, looking forward to seeing no change and happiness in their surroundings, the government has then accomplished their goal, and continue to control its people like puppets in their hands. In the end, this comes to show that Truman was indeed theoretically correct, for every ruler who had claimed to be a totalitarian had oppressed their people of rights and freedom, and Truman took action to notice the effects. In 1984, the society of Oceania was overrun by a totalitarian government. During Josef Stalin’s reigning era, he also partook in a totalitarian government. The people were beaten to death, starved, and looked forward to nothing, but were forced to act as they were told. In 1984, the society of Oceania was deprived of having emotion, rights and privacy. The country was able to be easily taken over by using Truman’s three steps to a totalitarian government: seeds, growth and full growth. Even before Big Brother was created, life was still hard for Winston,† above all he remembered his continuous hunger, and the fierce sordid battles at mealtimes† ( Orwell 134). With a society taken over by starvation, the people would easily be tricked into anything that talks about making the country a better place, with unlimited materials the people could use for their daily necessities. This shows how the country could potentially start narrow-mindedly thinking that if they choose what they think has the most advantages, it would put an end to their misery and want, and finally focus on what they need. As soon as the government takes control, they start to make changed in the society. The government gives their people the bare minimum to make sure they always come running back for more, â€Å" war is the way of shattering to pieces, or pouring into the depths of the sea, materials which might otherwise be used to make the masses too comfortable, and hence in the long run, too intelligent† (Orwell 157). Though the government may have slightly improved the conditions of the society, it still left the people with not enough to be happy and content with, which kept them running back to the government for anything and everything they needed. The government left its people in poverty and strife, hoping for positive changes but not getting too excited about what to expect in their future. The government has reached its full potential when the people are under their complete control, looking forward to no change or happiness in the future. O’Brien immediately got down to the point and told Winston what they planned to do to him, â€Å" Do not imagine that you will save yourself, Winston, however completely you surrender to us. No one who has once gone astray is ever spared. And even if we chose to let you live out the natural term of your life, you still would never escape from us† ( Orwell 211). At this point, Winston is under complete control of the government. Any hope for a better life would be utterly impossible, and the thought of once again being free would be unthinkable. This comes to show just how easy it is for the government to take over the country, leaving its people with no happiness or future. In the end, the country of Oceania which was deprived of having a normal human life style was taken over by a totalitarian government by using Truman’s three steps: seeds, growth and full growth. Josef Stalin, the Russian ruler of the time, also looked to totalitarianism for the answer to unlimited power. Just as Truman stated, Stalin took over his country by using misery, poverty and hopelessness against his people. Even before Stalin came into power, working conditions were far below basic. There’s famine in the Ukraine, during 1933, it drove many people to steal grain from a collective farm, which resulted in their deaths due to Stalin’s authority (â€Å" Famine in the Ukraineâ€Å"). With people’s lives in despair, it was easier for Stalin to trick the people into voting for him as the new ruler. With his too good to be true speeches, the people could not help but believe that they could see drastic change in their society. Little did they know they would see change, but not the type of change they wanted. Stalin used the people’s misery to lie to them into thinking they would get a better life and living conditions. When the people kept on believing that what they heard was true, they hurriedly voted him the new ruler of their country. During Stalin’s era, the KNVD bound victims hands and feet, stripped them to their underwear, lined tem up, and shot them in the back of the head, (â€Å" Mass graves uncoveredâ€Å"). When people realized how Stalin treated the victims, they did not dare to break any laws. Stalin was in control, and nobody could change that. It did not take long until Stalin had gotten the whole country writhed between his fingers. By 1919, Stalin had gotten both the party and public under his complete control (â€Å" Political manipulation†¦ and then there was noneâ€Å"). With everyone under his thumb, Stalin had gotten the power to do whatever he wanted. The whole government was run by his commands, and failure to listen was resulted with being the next victims to his harsh punishments. By using the three parts of Truman’s speech, Stalin was able to convince, gain control, and abuse the people by claming that he would fix their misery, and ending up purring the people through poverty and strife, losing hope of having any improvements in their lives. Truman was officially correct when he talked about the way totalitarianism worked. By using the people’s needs for another reason to step into power, power hungry rulers could easily gain control, make the people suffer though poverty and strife, and then cause them to lose hope of once again having any happiness or good in their lives. All three stages of Truman’s speech could lead to a ruler completely taking aver a country, leaving the people hopeless and defenseless against the government. If the U. S. as taken over by a totalitarian government, over three quarters of what the citizens have today would be banished, and everyone would have absolutely no say in what goes in in their surroundings. The American citizens would be forced to act upon the government’s rules, and any attempts of rebellion or revolt would follow up with harsh punishments and maybe even death. This shows how hard it was for people back then to live their lives the way they wanted to, always in fear of losing their lives to the government.

Contrast Writers Essays

Compare/Contrast Writers Essays Compare/Contrast Writers Paper Compare/Contrast Writers Paper There are various things that make up a piece of literature. For example: choice of diction, modes of discourse, and figurative language. Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano were great examples of authors that used these elements of literature. There are similarities and differences in A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson and From Africa to America. Though Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano shared similarities in experiences, they had different writing personalities, purposes, attitudes, tones, and relations with their communities. There are four main modes of discourse: expository, narrative, descriptive, and persuasive. In Mary Rowlandson’s A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, it is apparent in the title that it is a narrative. Like Mrs. Rowlandson’s literature, Olaudah Equiano’s From Africa to America is a narrative. A narrative form of literature is a story, account of events, or experiences, whether it is true or fictitious. In this case their stories were their real experiences and they gave the reader actual facts and information, also making it expository. The closeness of the place and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. † (73) This is a perfect example showing that Olaudah Equiano’s narrative is also descriptive, giving the reader vivid images in his mind, whereas Rowlandson’s narrative rarely has descriptive content. Th ese works of literature may also be portrayed as persuasive by the quote of, â€Å".. Overwhelmed with the thoughts of my condition.. † (7) Mary Rowlandson was overwhelmed with her emotions. This quote may persuade the reader to think of how melancholy, or how difficult it is to be on a slave ship, and also being held captive by Indians. Both narratives are similar in the experiences the two authors possessed. Both Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano were held captive at a time in their lives. White men captured Olaudah Equiano, while Mary Rowlandson had Indian captivators. Olaudah’s story tells of the time where he first saw the slave ship he was put on and the journey across great waters to the new world. Rowlandson’s story tells of the apathy of the Indians and her stay with the tribe. It is apparent that the journey across the sea was horrible enough for the ship’s passengers to commit suicide by jumping off of the ship rather than staying on board with the putrid smell of human wastes and lack of ventilation. In a brief paragraph, Equiano wrote of his daily routine before his captivity. He mentioned the relationship he had with his mother, and how he was her favorite child. â€Å"I became, of course, the greatest favorite with my mother and was always with her. (72) Olaudah and Mary were alike because Olaudah had a great relationship with his mother while Mary was fond of her own child in her narrative. â€Å"About two hours in the night, my sweet babe like a lamb departed this life†¦ I must and could lie down next to my dead babe, side by side all the night after. † (2) Neither Olaudah Equiano nor Mary Rowlandson ended their stories with the family membe rs they were most fond of. Equiano’s captivity was the reason why he was stripped from his mother while Rowlandson’s baby died during her captivity. In trying times such as these, Rowlandson prayed to God for aid. Being a faithful Puritan, Rowlandson often read her bible during difficult times. She would find and read Psalms that related to her own life’s problems and conflicts. Although Mary Rowlandson turned to God in her times of need, Olaudah Equiano did not once mention any sort of a god. Rowlandson believed that with her faith in God and to feel sorry for past conducts, she would be forgiven and promised that curses will be turned onto her enemies. â€Å"I came to chapter 30, the seven first verses, where I found, there was mercy promised again, if we would return to Him by repentance.. (3) Rowlandson quoted Psalm 27 ver. ult. , â€Å"Wait on the Lord, Be of good courage, and he shall strengthen thine Heart, wait I say, on the Lord. † (3) This quote showed that Rowlandson had an undying faith in the Lord. A relationship was held with the Lord for Rowlandson, and not Equiano. Although Equiano did not have a relationship with God, he and Rowlandson both had different types o f relationships with their communities and peers. Mary Rowlandson had an apathetic relationship with the New England Wampanoag Indians. The tribe had no sympathy for the death of Mary’s six-year-old daughter. The Indians took the young daughter from the mother and buried her on top of a hill. Though they buried the child for Rowlandson, they did not give the mother permission to look after the dead child nor let her keep the corpse with her. They had no sympathy because they told her she had to leave her child. Rowlandson had a fair relationship with the other woman and children that were also kidnapped. The other captives shared a faith in God with Mary. Mary read a Psalm to the other woman captive, who was pregnant and had the desire to escape and run away. Mary read a Psalm that explained that God would help you hold on through hard times. (3) While Mary had relations with the people around her, Olaudah had his. Equiano had mainly fellow Africans as his peers. All of these Africans were in the same situation because they all were taken onto the slave ship from their homes to go to America as slaves to the white men. Olaudah did not speak at all to another person in his narrative, which showed that his relationship with his community was poor. The relationships these two authors had with their communities showed readers a little bit of their personalities. It is apparent that Mary Rowlandson is more extrovert than Olaudah Equiano. Rowlandson communicated with the people she was surrounded by. Olaudah Equiano showed that he was more introvert than Mary Rowlandson because he did not attempt to have any sort of conversation with another being. He only spoke of what he saw going on in the lives of the people around him in his story, and there was no dialogue. Mary Rowlandson’s personality was more apparent than Olaudah Equiano’s because she showed that she was a caring woman. She did not want to leave her child behind, even though it was already dead. Mary was also caring and loving because she took the time to go through bible scriptures and Psalms with another woman to give her the hope and guidance she needed from their Lord. Following the Lord was one of Mary’s main purposes in life. Mary Rowlandson used the rhetoric device appeal to authority in her literature. She spoke of God as if He were somehow relevant to every aspect of her life, whereas Equiano mainly used appeal to emotion in his work. Olaudah spoke of the slavery and apprehensions on the slave ship and in the new world. â€Å".. Much dread and trembling among us and nothing but bitter cries to be heard all the night.. † (74) There was also figurative language used in Mrs. Rowlandson’s excerpt. â€Å"My sweet babe like a lamb. † (2) Mary might have compared her child to a lamb in order to describe her as a sweet, shy, pure and innocent girl. If thought religiously, this simile may have been said to show that we are all God’s children, because God was a Shepard and we are represented as His lambs. Both spoke of themselves in their stories in the first person and in plain style, referring to themselves as, â€Å"I. Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano had somewhat similar but different attitudes and tones. Both held captive, Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano felt all but jolly during their times of captivity. Olaudah did not even feel like he needed to eat food on his journey aboard the slave ship. â€Å"I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat. † (72) Olaudah felt gloomy during this period of time. â€Å".. With the loathsomeness of the stench and crying.. † (72) Olaudah felt afraid and apprehensive during the ship ride. This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, shrieks of the women, and groans of the dying, all of which rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable. † (73) Mary Rowlandson felt gloomy half of the time, while the other half of the time she felt hopeful towards God. â€Å"This sorrowful world.. † (2) and Psalm 27 (3) are quotes from her excerpt that expressed the emotions she had. The emotions these authors had are elements that help to give the purposes of these narratives. A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson and From Africa to America both have purposes to entertain and inform readers with their life experiences and tales. Mrs. Rowlandson’s provides faith and hope that trying times will be overcome by the love and mercy of God. Mr. Equiano’s tale informs readers of the grief that Africans went through because of the selfishness white men had to own slaves. Olaudah’s story may be seen as a reminder that people in the latest generation have things easy compared to the time he was alive. People should not take what they have for granted, for example freedom. The people of today have the most freedom than ever before. Although two different authors wrote these works of literature, A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson and From Africa to America, both stories possessed similar and different elements of writing. These tales were worthy of comparing because they had various things to review, contrast, and realize, such as the worship they had or didn’t have for God, their experiences, and their styles. Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano were remarkable writers whose works will always be a part of America’s history for the various styles and purposes they had to share with their readers.

Meanings of Santo in Spanish

Meanings of Santo in Spanish Catholicism has always been the dominant religion in countries where Spanish is dominant. So it shouldnt come as any surprise that some words related to the religion have come to have broad meanings. One such word is santo, which is most commonly translated as saint as a noun, holy as an adjective. (Like the English words saint and sanctify, santo comes from the Latin word sanctus, meaning holy.) According to the Diccionario de la lengua espaà ±ola, santo has no less than 16 meanings. Among them: Perfect and free of sin.A person declared as such by the Church.A virtuous person.Said of something that is dedicated to God or a holy service.Said of something that is generated.Describing a religious festival.Sacred.Holy.Said of something that brings good luck.Characteristic of the Catholic church.A persons saints day or name day.A spouse.A picture of a saint.A type of portrait in a book. In many cases, holy is a good translation of santo  as an adjective, even when it isnt to be understood literally. For example, No sabà ­amos que estbamos en suelo santo could be translated as We didnt know we were on holy ground. Santo also is used in a variety of idioms and phrases. Here are some of them:  ¿A santo de quà ©?: Why in the world?Llegar y besar el santo: to succeed at something immediately or on the first try. (Su sustituto, Juanjo, llegà ³ y besà ³ el santo: gol en su primer partido. His substitute, Juanjo, pulled it off right away: a goal in the first period.)Campo santo: cemetery.Espà ­ritu Santo: Holy Spirit, Holy Ghost.Guerra santa: holy war.Hierba santa or hoja santa: a type of tropical herb.Hora santa: prayer is given before the Eucharist, or in commemoration of the suffering of Jesus.Hueso de santo: a type of almond pastry in the shape of a bone.Lengua santa: the Hebrew language.Mano de santo: fast and complete cure for an ailment or problem.Quedarse para vestir santos: to remain unmarried (said of a woman).Santa Faz: an image of the face of Jesus.Santa Sede: Holy See.Santo de cara: good luck. (Cierto es que no todo el mundo tiene el santo de cara. Its certain that not everyone has good luck.)Santo de espaldas: bad luck. (Los habitantes de El à dolo descri ben a 1998 con una frase: Tuvimos al santo de espaldas. The residents of El Idolo describe 1998 with the phrase: We had bad luck.) Santo de pajares: a person whose sainthood cant be trusted.Santo y seà ±a: military password.Semana Santa: Holy Week (the week preceding Easter, including Good Friday).Tierra Santa: Holy Land. Santo can function as either a noun or adjective. As such it is frequently used in additional forms santa, santos and santas. Of course, Santo and its variations also have been used as a title of sorts before the names of Saints: San Josà © (St. Joseph), Santa Teresa (St. Teresa). Sample Sentences Showing Uses of Santo Jerusalà ©n, Santiago de Compostela y Roma son las principales ciudades santas del cristianismo. (Jerusalem, Santiago de Compostela, and Rome are the main holy cities of Christianity.) El Estado Islmico instà ³ a los musulmanes a lanzar una guerra santa contra los rusos y los estadounidenses. (The Islamic State urged Muslims to launch a holy war against the Russians and the Americans.) Mi santo y yo somos incompatibles en gustos cinematogrficos. My husband and I are incompatible in which movies we like. El Jueves Santo es el momento central de la Semana Santa y del aà ±o lità ºrgico. Maundy Thursday is the climax of Holy Week and of the liturgical year. El jazz no es santo de mi devocià ³n. Jazz isnt my cup of tea.

Response Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Response - Article Example There are quite a number of benefits that can be derived from online dating sites such as aspects related to privacy and security. Geographically dispersed people can date each other and the choice of the desired match is wide. There are likely chances that if you search patiently, you will get your match. More interestingly, online dating removes unfavorable elements such as fear and confidentiality is guaranteed. However, there are also certain disadvantages of online dating. It exposes other people to cyber bullies and the victims may live under constant fear which can eventually lead to psychological distress. Online dating can also promote multiple sexual activities which in turn exposes the people involved to health risks. In my own opinion, I think community dating sites are essential during the contemporary period. They help people to get perfect matches and the other benefit is that these sites are easy to use and maintain. During the contemporary period, it can be seen that organizations are operating in environments that are characterised by stiff competition. Likewise, advertising is also gaining prominence since it can be observed that companies use this communication strategy to attract customers to buy their products. However, some companies are manipulating advertising through creation of weasel images that are far from the truth. As such, I concur with Lutz who suggests that some advertising messages are manipulative and they are meant to deceive the customers into buying the products offered. For instance, the sincerity of advertisements used in marketing alcoholic beverages in particular is questionable. From my own perspective, alcohol is not good to our health. No matter how much effort is put to portray alcohol consumption in a positive light, I think this beverage remains detrimental to our health. It is just a marketing gimmick by marketers of brands like Heineken and Tusker to present their brands